Study of Car Engine (Internal Combustion Engine)

Study of Car Engine (Internal Combustion Engine)

Before going into detail account of car engine one should know, what does an engine mean? Engine is a mechanical device which converts energy into the motion or mechanical force. Do you ever notice the engine of your cars? It apparently seems to be a big mess of metallic wires, tubes, channels, valves, cylinders and many more. The car engine aims at converting the fuel energy into mechanical force so that your vehicle can move. This force is produced inside the engine by burning the fuel or gasoline. And hence, it is also called as the internal combustion engine.

Kinds of Internal combustion engine

Diesel engines and Gas turbine engines

-Diesel Engines
In which the heat of compression is used to begin ignition to burn fuel, which is penetrated into the combustion chamber during the final stage of compression.

-Gas turbine or Rotary (spinning) engine
It takes out energy from a flow of burning gas. It has a burning or combustion chamber in between the upstream compressor joined to a downstream turbine.

Now we will discuss some of the important parts of engine:

Key Parts and Tips

-Valves
Internal and exhaust valve are used for two opposite reasons. Exhaust valve discharge the burnt fuel from the chamber whereas intake valve direct the amount of air and flow that is released into the chamber on ignition stroke.

-Piston and Flywheel
Piston is found inside the cylinder moving up and down, also called a moving cylinder. Flywheel is another part in the engine which is usually used to keep the momentum intact.

-Connecting rod
It is a rotating rod which can move or rotate either side. It joins the piston to the crankshaft.

-Crankshaft
Piston's up and down motion is converted into circular motion with the help of this shaft.

-Fuel Trap or Sump
The fuel trap or sump encircles the crankshaft. Its purpose is to store the oil.

-Cooling Systems
In the course of severe driving and continuous use of your vehicle, the engine might get overheated. To avoid this there must be present a healthy cooling system in each car to make your engine cool. There is present a cooling fan and a radiator which contains the antifreeze fluid which helps to maintain the temperature of the engine and avoid the overheating problem.

-Starter Systems
Spark plugs are the essential part of the starter system. Spark plugs produce spark to ignite the air/fuel mixture. It is necessary to keep this thing in mind that the spark at the right time is of great importance for things to work properly.

-Lubrication Systems
Proper lubrication of all the parts is important for your vehicle healthy performance. Improper lubrication leads different parts to produce friction which may result in the malfunctioning of the part. Lubrication makes part frictionless so each part performs its best for longer period of time. Improper lubrication shortens the part's life.

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Marine Diesel Engine Maintenance

Marine Diesel Engine Maintenance

In a conventional marine diesel engine the power is produced by hot compressed air igniting fuel sprayed under very high pressure into the cylinder head. A marine diesel engine does not use a carburetor to mix fuel and air or spark plugs to ignite the mixture. Instead it employs the pistons to compress the air to 3000 kPa which causes it to become extremely hot and the fuel is ignited as soon as it is injected into the cylinder.

Some marine diesel engines are fitted with a heater plug in the inlet manifold or a glow plug in the pre-combustion chamber of each cylinder to provide additional heat to the combustion air during starting.

Diesel engines are heavier and slower revving than petrol engines but they are also more reliable because they do not rely on external carburetion or an electrical spark for ignition.

Newer engines use an electronic fuel injection system whereby fuel and air are mixed more thoroughly in the pre-combustion chamber before entering the cylinder. This system maximizes power and fuel economy and is also less polluting.

Every boater should have an understanding of how their engine works so let's start by explaining the mechanical cycles.

Most reciprocating piston internal combustion engines work on one of two mechanical cycles-either the four-stroke cycle or the two-stroke cycle. These cycles designate, in correct sequence, the mechanical actions by which the fuel and air gain access to the engine cylinder, the gas pressure - due to combustion - is converted to power and, finally, the burnt gas is expelled from the engine cylinder.

The Basic Four-Stroke Diesel Engine

From its name, it is obvious there are four strokes in one complete engine cycle. A stroke is the movement of the piston through the full length of the cylinder and - since one such movement causes the crankshaft to rotate half a turn - it follows that there are two crankshaft revolutions in one complete engine cycle.

The four strokes in the order they occur are:

1. Inlet stroke. With the inlet valve open and the exhaust valve closed, the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC), creating a low-pressure area in the cylinder. Clean, filtered air rushes through the open inlet valve to relieve this low-pressure area, and the cylinder fills with air.

2. Compression stroke. With both valves closed, the piston moves from BDC to TDC, compressing the air. During this stroke the air becomes heated to a temperature sufficiently high to ignite the fuel.

3. Power stroke. At approximately TDC, the fuel is injected, or sprayed, into the hot, compressed air, where it ignites, burns and expands. Both valves remain closed, and the pressure acts on the piston crown, forcing it down the cylinder from TDC to BDC.

4. Exhaust stroke. At approximately BDC the exhaust valve opens and the piston starts to move from BDC to TDC, driving the burnt gas out of the cylinder through the open exhaust valve.

The Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

The two-stroke engine uses two piston strokes to complete one power stroke and, therefore, fire twice as often as a four-stroke engine. A two-stroke engine is smaller and simpler with fewer moving parts. A two-stroke engine has the potential to produce twice as much power as a four-stroke engine of the same size, however, because of the extra fitting required in a two-stroke diesel engine, for example blowers and governors, they become more expensive to produce. There has been a shift towards four stroke diesel engines which have become more efficient and smaller.

Protect Your Marine Diesel Engine

Protect your engine by avoiding long periods (more than 10 minutes) of idling in a "no-load" situation. This is often done to charge batteries or cool refrigeration but if done repeatedly it will glaze the bores of the engine and cause premature engine failure. If the vessel is in a berth the engine can be put in gear to create load at idle.

All boat owners should have an understanding of basic marine diesel engine maintenance to keep themselves and their families safe on the water.

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